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Five New Reference Designs Showcase the Capabilities of InnoSwitch™3-AQ Flyback ICs in Wide-Creepage InSOP™-28G Packages

Nuremberg, Germany – PCIM 2025, May 2025 – Power Integrations (Nasdaq: POWI), a leading innovator in high-voltage integrated circuits for energy-efficient power conversion, today announced five new reference designs tailored for 800V electric vehicle (EV) systems. These designs are based on the company’s 1700V-rated InnoSwitch™3-AQ flyback switcher ICs, optimized for demanding automotive applications such as DC-DC bus conversion, inverter emergency power supplies, battery management systems, and auxiliary power supplies.

All five designs leverage Power Integrations' proprietary InSOP™-28G packaging, engineered for wide creepage distances and enhanced high-voltage safety. This package supports up to 1000VDC on the primary side and provides compliant creepage and clearance distances for Pollution Degree 2 environments, eliminating the need for conformal coating and simplifying system certification and manufacturing.

Enhanced Safety and Integration for Next-Generation EVs

According to Mike Stroka, Product Marketing Engineer at Power Integrations, “The InSOP™-28G package offers a 5.1 mm creepage distance between drain and source pins, aligning with stringent safety and reliability requirements in high-voltage automotive applications. By eliminating the need for conformal coating, manufacturers can streamline production and reduce associated costs and qualification steps.”

Each InnoSwitch3-AQ IC integrates a 1700V silicon carbide (SiC) primary switch, delivering high efficiency and robustness ideal for 800V EV platforms. These ICs help engineers improve system performance and reliability while reducing PCB space and component count.

Overview of New Reference Designs

All designs use InnoSwitch3-AQ constant-voltage/constant-current flyback ICs and are available for download from power.com. The reference designs include:

· RDK-994Q: A 35W ultra-thin isolated power supply suitable for traction inverter gate drivers or emergency power systems. Operates from 40–1000VDC input and outputs 24V.

· RDK-1039Q: An 18W compact design utilizing a planar transformer, ideal for traction inverter gate drivers or backup power.

· RDK-1054Q: A high-power 120W planar transformer design aimed at minimizing or eliminating the need for bulky 12V lead-acid batteries.

· DER-1030Q: A 20W four-output design including a 24.75V emergency power rail and three 25.5V outputs for gate driver circuits.

· DER-1045Q: A 16W four-output design delivering one 14V emergency rail and three gate drive outputs with ±18V/-5V voltages.

Key Features and Performance Advantages

· High Output Power: Up to 120W from a single compact IC.

· High Integration: Reduces BOM count by up to 50%, saving board space and simplifying sourcing.

· Low Start-Up Voltage: Starts from as low as 30V, eliminating the need for external circuitry—a key requirement for functional safety.

· Efficiency: Achieves over 91% efficiency using a DCM/CCM flyback topology with synchronous rectification and valley switching.

· Comprehensive Protection: Includes input undervoltage lockout, output overvoltage protection, overcurrent limiting, and ultra-low no-load power consumption (<15mW).

Availability and Pricing

The 1700V InnoSwitch3-AQ ICs are available now, priced at $6 each in 10,000-unit quantities. Reference design kits range from $50 to $100. Engineers can enter to win a kit at pages.power.com/rev-up. For purchasing or additional technical information, contact Power Integrations’ sales representatives or authorized global distributors such as DigiKey, Newark, Mouser, and RS Components.

The premium-tier QCS8250 processor is designed to help deliver maximum performance for compute intensive camera and Edge AI applications with Wi-Fi 6 and 5G for the Internet of Things (IoT). Here is a comprehensive analysis of the Qualcomm QCS8250 chip.

I. Basic information of the QCS8250 chip

1. Manufacturer and release time

QCS8250 was developed by Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and first released in June 2021. It is designed for high-end edge AI and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Its subsequent iterations will be further optimized and expand the application scenarios in 2024.

2. Core architecture and process

Process technology: Using 7nm FFP (FinFET Plus) process to balance performance and power consumption.

CPU: Eight-core Kryo 585 architecture (4×2.85GHz high-performance core + 4×1.8GHz energy-efficient core), compatible with Arm V-8 instruction set.

GPU: Adreno 650, supports 8K video encoding and decoding and 64MP image processing.

AI acceleration unit:

NPU 230 (neural processing unit): optimized for machine learning, supports INT8 precision operations.

Hexagon DSP (V66Q quad-core): for low-power signal processing and AI reasoning.

Connectivity: integrated 5G modem (Sub-6GHz/mmWave), Wi-Fi 6 (2×2 MIMO), Bluetooth 5.1.

Memory and storage: support LPDDR5/LPDDR4x (up to 16GB), UFS 3.0+SD 3.0 storage.

3.Highlights

Superior camera support

Feature packed with an advanced Image Quality (IQ) and support for up to 7 cameras running concurrent AI models. Also, support for up to three 4K displays with independent content plus intelligent zoom in and out. Up to 8K video encode/decode, and up to 64 megapixel photo capture and video capturing for exception high-definition videos.

Powerful Edge AI and video analytics

This processor contains a dedicated CV hardware block and Hexagon Tensor Accelerator delivering a whopping 15 TOPS of AI performance for compute intensive enterprise and commercial IoT applications. Heterogenous computing of sensor inputs from camera, audio, Bluetooth® and hubs deliver a power optimized enterprise grade experience.

Supports 5G and Wi-Fi 6

Supporting the broadest set of wired and wireless connectivity options including including 5G mmWave and sub-6Ghz (up to 7.5 Gbps), Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.1 for a variety of enterprise and commercial IoT applications. Also support for popular cloud applications for distributed AI model use cases.

Wide range of interfaces and peripherals support

Rich set of interfaces such as 2x USB 3.1, Type-C with DisplayPort, MIPI-CSI/DSI, PCIe (3-lane), and memory support interfaces for LPDDR4x/LPDDR5 – suited for industrial and commercial IoT applications.

Flexible design options to accelerate faster time to commercialization

To give you flexibility in your design, our ecosystem partners offer full form factor reference designs, development board offerings for prototyping, or off-the-shelf system-on-module (SoM) solutions, to chip-onboard designs – all to enable ease of development and accelerate commercialization and scale.

2. How to achieve 15 TOPS performance

The 15 TOPS (trillion operations per second) AI computing power of QCS8250 is achieved through the collaboration of heterogeneous computing architecture:

1. The core role of NPU 230

Designed for neural networks, it supports real-time reasoning tasks (such as target detection and image segmentation).

Improve efficiency through dedicated hardware acceleration of matrix multiplication and convolution operations.

2. Hexagon DSP auxiliary optimization

The quad-core HVX V66Q vector extension unit handles low-precision (INT8) parallel computing and reduces power consumption.

Supports model compression and dynamic quantization to reduce bandwidth requirements.

3. Collaborative acceleration of Adreno GPU

In addition to graphics rendering tasks, the GPU participates in some AI reasoning (such as OpenCL acceleration).

4. Heterogeneous computing framework

Qualcomm AI Engine dynamically allocates tasks to NPU, DSP, and GPU to maximize computing power.

3. Technical requirements of high-end edge AI devices and the adaptability of QCS8250

1. Core requirements

Balance between high performance and low power consumption: It is necessary to support real-time reasoning of complex AI models (such as ResNet-50, YOLOv5) while meeting the heat dissipation restrictions of the device.

Multimodal input support: It is necessary to process multi-camera video streams and sensor data fusion (such as visual + temperature data in industrial quality inspection).

High-speed connectivity: Rely on 5G/Wi-Fi 6 to achieve low-latency data transmission.

Security and reliability: Hardware-level encryption (such as SPU module) and long-term software and hardware support (≥8-year life cycle) are required.

2. QCS8250's adaptation advantages

Heterogeneous computing capabilities: CPU+GPU+NPU+DSP collaboration to meet multi-task parallel requirements (such as video analysis + voice recognition).

Camera and display support:

Up to 7 AI cameras concurrently or 24 video streams input.

Support three-way 4K heterogeneous display (such as multi-screen interaction of retail digital signage).

Energy efficiency ratio: Power consumption optimization under 15 TOPS computing power, suitable for fanless design scenarios (such as industrial handheld devices).

Long-term availability: Qualcomm promises at least 8 years of software and hardware maintenance cycle to ensure stable operation of enterprise-level equipment.

4. Typical application cases of QCS8250 in edge computing scenarios

1. Smart retail

Multitasking: Supports product scanning, payment processing, and anti-theft monitoring at the same time (such as real-time analysis of customer behavior through 7 cameras).

Personalized experience: AI-based customer portrait generation and dynamic product recommendation.

2. Video collaboration and conference system

Multi-camera fusion: Support 8K video encoding (30fps) and multi-view switching (such as remote medical consultation).

Intelligent noise reduction: Hexagon DSP processes audio streams to eliminate environmental noise.

3. Industrial automation and quality inspection

Machine vision: High-precision defect detection (such as semiconductor wafer quality inspection) is achieved through ISP (image signal processor).

Predictive maintenance: Combine sensor data to train edge models and predict equipment failures.

4. Smart city and transportation

Fleet management: Real-time analysis of vehicle location, fuel consumption, and driver behavior.

Intelligent monitoring: Crowd density monitoring and abnormal event warnings are achieved through 24 video streams.

5. TOPS comparison of similar edge AI chips

Although the 15 TOPS of QCS8250 is lower than Hailo-8 and Siyuan 220, its heterogeneous architecture is more suitable for multimodal tasks (such as video + audio + sensor fusion).

In terms of connectivity, QCS8250 has significant advantages in 5G/Wi-Fi 6 integration (such as telemedicine and Internet of Vehicles scenarios).

Compared with the NVIDIA Jetson series, the software and hardware ecosystem of QCS8250 is more inclined towards enterprise-level IoT, while Jetson focuses on developer communities and robotics applications.

Summary

QCS8250 has become a benchmark solution for high-end edge AI devices with its 15 TOPS heterogeneous computing power, multimodal processing capabilities, and full-scenario connectivity. Its successful application in smart retail, industrial quality inspection and other fields demonstrates Qualcomm's technological leadership in the AIoT market. Although it is not as good as some competitors in terms of pure computing power, its comprehensive performance, energy efficiency ratio and long-term support strategy give it a unique advantage in the enterprise market. In the future, as edge AI develops towards multimodality and low latency, the architectural design of QCS8250 will continue to drive industry innovation.

The stator is the crucial stationary component of an electric motor or generator, typically present in generators, motors, sirens, mud motors, or biological rotors. In both motors and generators, the stator works in conjunction with the rotor to achieve the conversion of electrical energy and the generation of mechanical energy. This article will explore in detail the definition, components, working principle, and applications of the stator in electrical equipment.

What is a Stator

A stator is the fixed part of a motor or generator. It consists of key components such as the stator core, stator windings, and the frame, and its main function is to generate a rotating magnetic field, which is a key step in the conversion between electrical and mechanical energy.

Components

1. Core

The stator core is usually made of multiple thin silicon steel sheets stacked together, which provide good magnetic conductivity and reduce losses. These silicon steel sheets effectively conduct the magnetic field while reducing eddy current losses, improving motor efficiency. The core's structural design is well-suited to fixing the windings and withstanding electromagnetic torque.

2. Windings

The stator windings are coils made from insulated wires wound in a specific shape and manner. When these coils are energized, they generate a magnetic field, which is crucial for converting electrical energy into magnetic energy. Based on the phase of the power supply, the windings can be classified into single-phase and three-phase types. The materials and winding methods directly affect the motor's performance, such as electromagnetic torque, efficiency, and stability.

3. Frame

The frame is the outer shell of the stator, typically made from cast iron or cast steel. The frame not only supports and protects the entire stator but also supports the rotor through bearings, allowing the rotor to rotate freely inside the stator. The design and manufacturing quality of the frame play an important role in the operational stability and reliability of the motor.

Working Principle

In a motor, when alternating current flows through the stator windings, a rotating magnetic field is produced. This rotating magnetic field interacts with the current in the rotor to generate electromagnetic torque, driving the rotor to rotate, thus converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. In a generator, the process is reversed. External mechanical force drives the rotor to rotate, and the magnetic field in the rotor cuts through the stator windings to generate an induced voltage, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Applications in Electrical Equipment

The stator is widely used in various types of motors and generators and is a key component for their proper operation. In industrial production, motors work through the collaboration of the stator and rotor to drive various mechanical equipment. In the power generation field, generators use the stator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, which is supplied to the power grid and users.

Moreover, with the advancement of technology and the development of manufacturing, the materials and manufacturing processes of the stator have been continuously improved to enhance its heat resistance, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. At the same time, the optimization of motor design and structure has further promoted the performance of the stator, leading to broader applications of motors across different fields.

In conclusion, the stator is an indispensable key component in motors and generators, playing a crucial role in the conversion between electrical and mechanical energy by generating a rotating magnetic field. The stator's complex structure and critical function directly impact the efficiency and reliability of motor operation. With the progress of technology and advancements in manufacturing, the materials and manufacturing processes of the stator will continue to improve and enhance, meeting the growing market demands and application scenarios.

FAQs

1. What is the purpose of a stator?

To generate a rotating magnetic field, enabling energy conversion in motors and generators.

2. Is a stator the same as an alternator?

No, a stator is a part of an alternator. The alternator uses the stator to generate AC power.

3. What happens when a stator goes bad?

It can cause motors to overheat, lose power, or fail to start, and generators may produce erratic power.

4. What is the primary function of a stator?

To produce a magnetic field for energy conversion between electrical and mechanical forms.

5. What is the difference between a motor and a stator?

A stator is a part of a motor. The motor is the whole device, while the stator is its stationary magnetic field generator.

6. Does a stator produce AC or DC?

A stator produces AC, which may be converted to DC in certain applications.